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Tetramorium atratulum
''Tetramorium atratulum'' is a rare workerless socially parasitic ant from the Palaearctic region, which has even been introduced together with its host in North America. This extreme inquiline is represented only by female and pupoid type male individuals, whose morphology and anatomy indicate a highly specialized level of parasitism. The body of males is depigmentated, the cuticle is thin, the petiole and postpetiole are widely connected, and degenerate mandibles, palps, and antennae are observed. Female wing venation is reduced and the occipital region is narrowed. Mature females are typically physogastric and found in queenless host nests.〔
Since, unlike many other obligate social parasites, ''T. atratulum'' is never known to coexist with the host colony's fertile queen, every ''T. atratulum''–''Tetramorium sp.'' colony is doomed to survive only the lifespan of the youngest ''Tetramorium sp.'' workers. Thus, the parasitic queen has very limited scope for producing alates to secure the next generation, as this time span is often only 2–3 years or fewer. As a result, even within its well-established range, ''T. atratulum'' is very scarce, with only a tiny proportion of ''Tetramorium sp.'' colonies playing host to this parasite.
==Distribution==
Its distribution is local over Eurosiberia and eastern parts of North America, broadly following that of its hosts. It is present but local in southern parts of Great Britain, having first been discovered in the UK by H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe and W. C. Crawley on July 23, 1912 in the New Forest.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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